扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组古火山机构的发现及意义     

鄢圣武  伍文湘  李小平  杨辉  马继跃  熊富浩 《中国地质调查》2019,6(3):47-55

通过详细的野外地质调查,发现扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组火山岩由巨厚的酸性-中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量基性熔岩组成,在小相岭山脊两侧首次厘定4处古火山机构。其中,阳糯雪山古火山机构最壮观,是由火山颈相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相构成的完整古火山机构。通过系统的地质剖面研究,发现该古火山机构存在2次喷发亚旋回和15个火山韵律,2次喷发亚旋回之间出现了1次明显的火山间歇期。小相岭地区古火山机构的发现,进一步厘定了苏雄组火山岩的喷发方式和构建特征,对进一步研究苏雄组酸性火山碎屑岩的起源及新元古代陆内裂谷作用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic forces on a partially submerged cylinder at high Reynolds number in a steady flow     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The hydrodynamic forces on the stationary partially submerged cylinder are investigated through towing test with Reynolds number ranging from 5 × 10⁴ to 9 × 10⁵. Three test groups of partially submerged cylinders with submerged depths of 0.25 D, 0.50 D, and 0.75 D and one validation group of fully submerged cylinders are conducted. During the experiments, the hydrodynamic forces on the cylinders are measured using force sensors. The test results show a considerable difference in the hydrodynamic coefficients for the partially submerged cylinders versus the fully submerged cylinders. A significant mean downward lift force is first observed for the partially submerged cylinders in a steady flow. The maximum of the mean lift coefficients can reach 1.5. Two distinct features are observed due to the effects of overtopping: random distributions in the mean drag coefficients and a clear quadratic relationship between the mean lift coefficients and the Froude number appear in the non-overtopping region. However, the novel phenomenon of a good linear relationship with the Froude number for the mean hydrodynamic coefficients is clearly shown in the overtopping region. In addition, fluctuating hydrodynamic coefficients are further proposed and investigated. These results are helpful to have a better understanding of the problem and to improve related structural designs.  相似文献   

Direct numerical simulation of flow over a slotted cylinder at low Reynolds number     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Direct numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the flow past a slotted cylinder at low Reynolds number (Re) of 100. The slotting of cylinder affects the boundary layer separation, vortex formation position, recirculation region length and wake width, which are determined by the type of slit. The streamwise slit (SS1), T-shaped slit (SS3) and Y-shaped slit (SS4) act as passive jets, while the transverse slit (SS2) achieves an alternate self-organized boundary layer suction and blowing. The flow rate in slits fluctuates over time due to the alternate vortex shedding and fluctuating pressure distribution around the cylinder surface. One fluctuation cycle of flow rate is caused by a pair of vortices shedding for SS2, SS3 and SS4, while it is created by each vortex shedding for SS1. The wall shear stress and flow impact on the slit wall partly contribute to the hydrodynamic forces acting on the slotted cylinder. Taking into account the internal wall of slit, the transverse slit plays the best role in suppressing the fluid forces with drag reduction of 1.7% and lift reduction of 17%.  相似文献   

用于颗粒土微观力学行为试验的微型三轴试验仪     

程壮  王剑锋 《岩土力学》2018,39(3):1123-1129

颗粒土的微观力学行为（如土颗粒的运动与破碎等）决定着其宏观应力-应变行为,如应变局部化、应力硬化等。为研究颗粒土的微观力学行为,开发了一台微型三轴试验装置。它的轴向加载系统由伺服控制的步进转动马达与涡轮传动的减速器组成,围压由GDS压力控制器提供,压力室采用高透光率,高强度的轻质材料制成。借助于X射线显微CT及图像处理分析技术,该装置能实现对干砂土微尺寸试样（直径为8 mm,高度为16 mm）在三轴剪切条件下微观特性的无损检测。采用该三轴试验装置对粒径为0.60～1.18 mm 的LBS（Leighton Buzzard sand）试样在1.5 MPa的围压下进行了试验。结果显示,试验装置测得应力-应变曲线合理,显微CT 图像特征清晰,能够用于颗粒土体微观土力学行为的试验研究。  相似文献   

定向剪切应力路径下冻结黏土变形特性试验     

陈敦  马巍  王大雁  穆彦虎  雷乐乐  王永涛  周志伟  蔡聪 《岩土力学》2018,39(7):2483-2490

为研究复杂应力路径下冻土的强度与变形特征,采用冻土空心圆柱仪（FHCA-300）对不同负温状态下的饱和冻结黏土开展定向剪切试验,基于不同剪切方向下冻结黏土的轴向和扭剪分量的应力-应变关系,探讨土样的剪切变形特征、各向异性属性以及剪切带的演变规律,并考察温度、大主应力方向角、平均主应力以及中主应力系数等因素对冻结黏土强度的影响。结果表明：平均主应力p值对冻结黏土的应力-应变关系影响显著,尤其是p=4.5 MPa时具有较高的剪切强度,且该值可能为压融临界p值;大主应力方向变化会诱发冻结黏土的各向异性,随着大主应力方向角的增加,冻结黏土剪切强度逐渐降低,并有明显的剪切带产生;中主应力系数的增加使得轴向强度有逐渐降低的趋势,但对剪切强度影响不明显;随着温度的降低,冻结黏土强度逐渐增大,试样发生脆性破坏并出现剪切破裂面,其剪切强度主要取决于冰颗粒和土颗粒的胶结力。  相似文献   

岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪研制的重点问题及研究进展     

周辉  黄磊  姜玥  卢景景  张传庆  胡大伟  李震 《岩土力学》2018,39(12):4295-4304

随着深部岩体工程的发展,开挖卸荷导致的应力主轴旋转问题引起了广泛关注。首先,分析总结了岩体工程中存在的应力主轴旋转问题及其对岩体工程稳定性的影响;其次,介绍了土体空心圆柱扭剪仪的发展现状及其特点,从荷载的施加方式、试样尺寸两个方面指出了研制岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪的关键问题,并与土体空心圆柱扭剪仪进行了对比,提出了新的扭矩施加技术和合理的岩石空心圆柱试样尺寸;最后,总结概括了考虑应力主轴旋转的土体本构模型的研究成果,并对考虑应力主轴旋转的岩石本构关系的研究进行了展望。该工作将对岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪的研制和相关理论的研究提供一定的参考和指导。  相似文献   

岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪试验能力     

周辉  姜玥  卢景景  胡大伟  张传庆  陈珺  李震 《岩土力学》2018,39(5):1917-1922

针对自行研制的岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪可独立控制4个加载参数（轴力、扭力、内围压和外围压）的功能,通过数学和力学分析,系统地整理出几种易于实现且符合实际工程的应力路径及加载方式：在轴力与内围压满足一定关系的前提下,可以获取岩石的抗拉强度,提供一种新型测量岩石抗拉强度的方法;通过控制内外围压及轴力,可以进行常规三轴试验与真三轴试验,克服了现阶段岩石真三轴试验中试验装置复杂、试样加载面摩擦大的缺点;在轴力与内、外围压分别满足一定关系时,可以分别实现平均应力p不变与中主应力系数b不变的应力路径,用于研究应力主轴旋转对岩石力学性质的影响。上述应力路径的实现对岩石力学性质的研究以及现阶段岩石室内试验的发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Benchmark computations for flows around a stationary cylinder with high Reynolds numbers by RANS-overset grid approach     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy, stability and efficiency of the overset grid approach coupled with the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) model via the benchmark computations of flows around a stationary smooth circular cylinder. Two dimensional numerical results are presented within a wide range of Reynolds numbers (6.31 × 10⁴ ∼ 7.57 × 10⁵) including the critical flow regime. All the simulations are carried out using the RANS solver pimpleFoam provided by OpenFOAM, an open source CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) toolkit. Firstly, a grid convergence study is performed. The results of the time-averaged drag and lift force coefficients, root-mean square value of lift force coefficient and Strouhal number (St number) are then compared with the experimental data. The velocity, vorticity fields and pressure distribution are also given. One main conclusion is that the numerical solutions in regard to a fixed cylinderare not deteriorated due to the implementation of the overset grid. Furthermore, it can be an appealing approach to facilitate simulations of Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV), which involves grid deformation. The present study is a good start to implement the overset grid to solve VIV problems in the future.  相似文献   

不同倒角半径下方柱绕流的数值模拟及水动力特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜明倩  毛海英  李宇佳 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):137-142

为了研究不同倒角半径对方柱绕流特性的影响,采用有限体积法,模拟了雷诺数Re为22 500、倒角半径为0.1D(D为方柱边长的长度)、0.2D和0.3D时方柱的绕流过程。方柱近壁面采用增强壁面函数,模型采用SST k–?湍流模型。根据模拟结果给出了不同倒角半径下方柱的流场涡量图以及阻力系数Cd和升力系数Cl;利用快速傅里叶变换法得到斯托罗哈数St。结果表明,倒角半径的增加改变了方柱的分离点,使得尾流区长度增加,旋涡尺度减小;Cd和Cl的振动幅值呈现先减小后增大的趋势,倒角半径为0.1D和0.2D时方柱受力较小,不存在倒角时方柱受力较大,倒角半径为0.3D时方柱受力最大;随着倒角半径的增加,柱体截面形式越接近圆形,斯托罗哈数逐渐增大,漩涡脱落频率更快。  相似文献   

软土地基上影响预应力钢筒混凝土管相对转角关键因素研究     

孙立强  张京京  李恒  闫澍旺  霍知亮 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z1):293-298

预应力钢筒混凝土输水管线(PCCP)已广泛应用于地下输水工程,特别是南水北调工程。管道接口属于半刚性结构,相邻管道可产生一定的自由转角,在自由转角范围内两管之间不会产生内力。当相对转角大于自由转角时,两管会产生相互作用力,作用力过大会导致PCCP管的破坏,如何有效地控制不均匀软土地基上相邻管道转角成为研究管道安全的关键问题之一。首先分析了导致PCCP管线产生相对转角的机制,结合现场试验和数值分析对控制PCCP管线相对转角的关键因素进行研究。研究表明,相对转角的敏感因素为管道底部碎石垫层厚度、腰部以下砂垫层（砂包角）厚度和压实度,随着碎石垫层厚度增大、砂垫层（砂包角）厚度和压实度增加,管线相对转角降低,通过控制这3个因素可有效控制PCCP管的相对转角。研究成果可为软土地基上PCCP输水工程设计提供依据和指导。  相似文献